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PreservativeINS 211
E211

Sodium benzoate

What you need to know

Sodium benzoate stops mould and yeast growing in acidic foods like soft drinks, pickles and sauces. It keeps products safe for longer.

On its own it is considered low concern at normal levels. The main caution is that, combined with vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in the same drink, it can form tiny amounts of benzene — a known carcinogen — especially with heat and light.

Manufacturers now control this by limiting the combination, so modern drinks rarely show measurable benzene.

Where it stands, by region

The same additive can be approved in one country and banned in another. This is the divergence that matters most.

🇦🇺AU / NZApproved
Permitted (FSANZ Food Standards Code).
🇪🇺EUApproved
Permitted (EFSA).
🇺🇸USApproved
Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS).
🇨🇦CAApproved
Permitted (Health Canada).

Health evidence

How settled the science is for each area — not how dangerous. “Unknown” means not enough good studies yet.

Hyperactivity & behaviour
Suspected
Allergy & intolerance
Suspected
Gut microbiome
Unknown
Metabolic effects
Unknown
Carcinogenicity
With vitamin C → trace benzene
Suspected
Cardiovascular
Unknown

Sodium salt of benzoic acid (C₆H₅COONa). Effective only in acidic foods (pH < 4.5). ADI 5 mg/kg bw/day (EFSA re-evaluation 2016).

Synthesis: Synthetic (nature-identical)ADI 5 mg/kg bw/day